Have you ever wondered when you should use the words “that” and “which” in your writing? These two words are both common relative pronouns, but they aren’t interchangeable and serve different purposes in sentences. Knowing when to use each one can enhance your writing by making it clearer and more precise. Here’s a simple guide to help you understand their correct use, paired with examples.
When Should You Use “That”?
“That” is used to introduce restrictive (or defining) clauses. A restrictive clause provides critical information about the noun it modifies. That means, without the restrictive clause, the sentence would lose its meaning or become unclear. Simply put, if the clause answers a “which one?” or “what kind?” question about the noun, it is essential—and you’ll need “that.”
Examples:
The book that I borrowed from the library was fascinating.
- The phrase “that I borrowed from the library” defines which book is being talked about. Without this clause, there’s no way to know which book was fascinating.
The car that he drives is a classic Mustang.
- Here, “that he drives” is essential to identify the car. Without it, the meaning of the sentence becomes unclear.
The recipe that she used turned out delicious.
- “That she used” is critical to specify the exact recipe being referred to.
In summary, if the information is essential to understand the sentence’s main idea, use “that.” Also, restrictive clauses introduced by “that” don’t require commas.
When Should You Use “Which”?
“Which” is used to introduce non-restrictive (or non-defining) clauses. A non-restrictive clause gives extra information about the noun, but this information isn’t necessary to understand the main idea. These clauses are always set off by commas.
Examples:
The book, which I borrowed from the library, was fascinating.
- “Which I borrowed from the library” provides additional information about the book, but even if you remove it, the main sentence (“The book was fascinating”) still makes sense. The extra detail is just nice to know.
The car, which is parked outside, is a classic Mustang.
- The phrase “which is parked outside” adds more context about the car, but it’s not essential. You’d still know the car being referred to without this added detail.
The recipe, which she found online, turned out delicious.
- “Which she found online” adds more information about the recipe, but the main idea (the recipe turned out delicious) holds up without it.
In summary, use “which” for non-restrictive clauses that simply add extra details. Remember, these clauses are always surrounded by commas.
Key Takeaways:
Use “that” for restrictive clauses.
- Restrictive clauses provide crucial information.
- No commas are used before or after “that.”
Use “which” for non-restrictive clauses.
- Non-restrictive clauses add extra (but non-essential) details.
- Commas are required before and after “which.”
By understanding and applying this distinction, your writing will become more precise, making it easier for your readers to understand your intended meaning.
Quick Comparison Table:
| Relative Pronoun | Type of Clause | Purpose | Comma Usage | Example |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| That | Restrictive Clause | Provides essential information | No commas | The book that I borrowed was fascinating. |
| Which | Non-restrictive Clause | Adds extra, non-essential information | Commas are required | The book, which I borrowed, was fascinating. |
By practicing these distinctions, you can elevate your writing and communicate with greater clarity. Every word matters, and knowing the role of “that” and “which” ensures your sentences say exactly what you intend!